2011. № 4 (18)
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Contents
M. V. KoltsovThe Problem of Repatriation of Soviet Citizens in the Relations between the USSR and the Great Britain (1945–1950)
Abstract: This article addresses the problem of repatriation of Soviet citizens in the post-war Anglo-Soviet relations. The author analyzes
the process of transferring by the British authorities of the Soviet displaced persons in accordance with the signed agreements
between the Allies. Difficulties of repatriation and its actual incompleteness were a direct consequence of the Cold War. In these
circumstances, the Soviet Union used the problem of repatriation of their citizens for propaganda purposes, creating a negative
image of the Great Britain.
Key words: USSR; Great Britain; Anglo-Soviet relations; repatriation; soviet citizens.
The Roman Experience to Use Traders for Gaining Military Information
Abstract: The article is devoted to the commercial espionage in ancient Rome, to its military purposes and efficiency. A connection
between development of trade and successes of military investigation is revealed. The characteristic is given to the Roman traders
in the context of their participation in a reconnaissance process.
Key words: military intelligence; trade; ancient Rome; mercatores; negotiatores.
Establishing Sanitation in the Areas of Zemstvo Healthcare
Abstract: The article deals with the problem of sanitarian work in the framework of Zemstvo’s healthcare system in the beginning of the
XX-th century. The activities of sanitarian offices are analyzed in three different fields: development of medical statistics; counterepidemic arrangements; propaganda of hygiene.
Key words: Zemstvo healthcare; sanitarian office; hygiene standards; medical culture; public health.
Activities of the Yaroslavl School of Higher Sciences in the First Three Decades of the XIX-th Century
Abstract: In the article activities of the Yaroslavl School of Higher Sciences in the first three decades of the XIX-th century is shown. Data
on the professors of the School and the statistics regarding students are displayed. The author considers the university structure and
its transformation to lycée. Also data on higher sciences of school financing are resulted.
Key words: university charter; national education; higher education; financing; professor.
On the Issue of the Formation of the Institute of limitanei in the Roman Army in the III-d Century A. D.
Abstract: The article deals with aspects of the formation of the Institute limitanei in the Roman army in the III-d century AD. The author
presents arguments in favor of the reliability of reports of limitanei in the biography of Alexander Severus from the «History of
August». The results obtained concern the formation of the military-farming communities with the duty of hereditary services and
the formation of the Institute limitanei at the beginning of the III-d century.
Key words: Roman army; frontier troops; Alexander Severus; limitanei; military-farming communities.
Russian Historiography of City Governance in the Russian Empire during 1785–1870
Abstract: This article deals with the principal phases and trends in the development of Russian historiography connected with the studying
of city governance during 1785–1870 (the time of «Zhalovannaya gramota»). In the course of learning the existing historiography:
1. the most important works are studied, 2. their significance and novelty are appreciated. The article estimates a degree of learning
municipal development during 1785–1870 and prospects of its further investigations.
Key words: city governance; «Zhalovannaya gramota» 1785; historiography.
The Social portray of young people of Moscow 1905–1907 (basing on the documents of Secret office of Moscow Department for Defense of Public Security and Order)
Abstract: The article is about the characteristic of socioeconomic status of young people of Moscow in the beginning of the ХХ-th
century. Principal factors of its socialization in the circumstances when the Bolsheviks struggled for power and influence on the
youth are given. Major organization forms of the youth unions are displayed by the example of the Russian Social Democratic
Party of the Bolsheviks.
Key words: young people; social status; revolution; youth unions.
Monetary Reforms of 1922–1924 and Their Role in Shaping the Tax System
Abstract: The choice of the theme regarding the financial reform 1922–1924 is determined by the reason, that money can`t be divided
from the taxies, and the theme of this research is creation of the financial system. In this article the author makes an attempt to show
the role of G. Y. Sokolnikov, former vice and then people`s financial commissar, who was the first to spropose a financial reform
thus strengthening the rouble with the golden standard. Usefulness of the financial reform 1922–1924 is clear: hard financial crisis
1921–1923 was overcome, money payments were stabilized, preconditions for future economic development according to NEP
were created.
Key words: Soviet signs; golden rouble; devaluation; currency; financial system; financial reforms; emission; credit system.
Gorbachev and Kohl: Friendship for the Sake of the Common Goal
Abstract: The article observes the relationships of the General Secretary of the C.P.S.U. Central Committee M. S. Gorbachev and the
Federal Chancellor of BRD Helmut Kohl. Which played an important role in the decision of the German issue – reunion of the
GDR and the FRG. Friendly relations of Gorbachev and Kohl revealed concurrence in many international issues, including affinity
of views on the German issue. «Trust» to Kohl resulted in that the USSR did not prevent Germans in their intention to unite in
1989–1990. Documents and researches, used by the author, confirm this conclusion.
Key words: German issue; new political thinking; perestroika; German politics; Germany reunification; state interests.
The railway accident in the Early Victorian England
Abstract: The article regards the problem of safety of railway travelling in the early Victorian England. The attitude of the public,
parliamentary and governmental agencies to the problem of safety on the railways is at the focus of the study
Key words: Victorian era; railway accident; perception of death
Participation of the Public Prosecutor in Civil Process on Family Affairs: Problem Aspect
Abstract: Interaction of the Family Law and the Civil Process in the context of its private and public beginnings assumes specific variants
of participation of the public prosecutor in the court decision of family affairs. This problem is on the verge of a collision of
grazhdansko-remedial and family-rules of law.
Key words: Family affairs; the public prosecutor; civil process; collisions
Tendencies of Development of the Legislation on Parental Leaves in European countries
Abstract: The article covers aspects of comparative research on maternity, paternity and parental leave in the countries of Europe.
Positive models of a combination of the family and labor duties influencing elimination of traditional gender stereotypes are
discussed in the article. It is suggested that Russian legislators should use the positive experience of models which allow sharing
a leave between the parents, prolongation of a leave in case of part-time work. Obligatory paternity leave is offered to introduce.
Key words: paternity leave; maternity leave; gender neutral legislation; persons with family duties.
Problems of Construction of Ecological Crimes Structures
Abstract: In article topical questions of construction of structures of ecological crimes are considered. From a position of legislative
technics and the theory of interbranch differentiation of responsibility the author suggests to reconstruct a number of the mentioned
structures for the purpose of increasing efficiency of the criminally-ecological legislation. In particular, it is recommended to state
as formal structures illegal extraction of water resources and illegal hunting, with specification of the impact of the act depending
on the cost of the caught (or victims) animals, fishes etc.
Key words: crime structure; ecological crimes; design; formal structure; material structure; formal-material structure; construction.
Maintenance of Validity of Municipal Legal Certificates
Abstract: The research is devoted to the problem of maintenance of validity of municipal legal certificates. On the basis of the analysis of
norms of the Russian legislation, materials of legal practice, and also offers in the science recommendations to local governments
in the sphere of making law are formulated in the work, ways of perfection of the control mechanism of the quality of issued legal
certificates are outlined.
Key words: municipal legal certificates; validity of legal certificates; self-government authorities.
On the Technics of Codification Regarding the Labour Code of the RSFSR 1922
Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of quality of the Labour Code of RSFSR 1922 from the point of view of its technicallegal registration. By the author it is shown that in the early 20-ies of the XX-th century quite qualitative law possessing accurate
structure and an internal coordination making possible its realization in practice was prepared. «External» lacks of the Labour
Code were caused by a low level of technics of codification in those years, and also by excessive dynamism of codification. In the
article the attention is drawn to the necessity of taking into account the experience of external processing of a legal material in the
20-ies of the XX-th century when making codification of the modern labor legislation.
Key words: Labour Code of RSFSR 1922; technics of codification; code structure; external processing of legal material.
On the Parity of Sanctions for Certain Crimes Against Human’s Health
Abstract: The article is devoted to comparative analysis of the degrees of responsibility for certain crimes against human’s health.
Examples of disproportions between sanctions of articles of the Criminal Law, having typical for crimes of a similar sort signs
are resulted. According to a principle of harmony of influence on responsibility of characteristics of the act having the identical
contents, offers on elimination noted in article disproportions are stated.
Key words: human’s health; crime signs; public danger; sanction; degree of punishment.
To the Question on Realization of Gender Equality When Applying Certificates of Amnesty
Abstract: The author of the article presents a position that principle of equality of the rights of citizens before the law, established by the
constitution of the Russian Federation, isn't used in practice of amnesties and proves existence of the differentiated approach to
persons released based on their gender
Key words: gender; equality of the rights of men and women; amnesty
On the Concept of Cognitive Autoprocesses
Abstract: The necessity of differentiation of the specific class of psychical processes – the cognitive autoprocesses – is proved. The
psychological characteristics of these processes in main gnoceological dimensions – ontological, structural, functional – is given.
The cognitive autoprocesses have been viewed as structural components of the consciousness.
Key words: cognitive autoprocesses; meta-cognitive processes; structure; function; organization; consciousness.
Interconnection Between Professionals' Thinking Features an the Efficiency of Their Professional Activities
Abstract: The article deals with the relationship between the thinking of professionals and the efficiency of their performance. The most
significant resulting dependencies were thereafter analyzed. An attempt was made to identify patterns of mutual influence of the
studied phenomena.
Key words: problem situation; practical thinking; work effectiveness; productivity; quality; reliability
Analysis of the Structural and Functional Characteristics of Professional Pedagogical Thinking of Primary School Teachers
Abstract: In the article approaches to the structure and functions of professional pedagogical thinking of teachers are regarded on the
basis of a presented working model, structural and pedagogical characteristics of pedagogical thinking of primary school teachers
are analyzed.
Key words: professional pedagogical thinking; structure; function of pedagogical thinking; thinking of primary school teachers.
Features of an Image of the World of Believing Young People
Abstract: In this article research of the concept of «an image of the world», the theoretical and empirical research revealing substantial
specificity, structure, phenomenological and instrumental characteristics of an image of the world of young believing people is
considered. The structure of concept of the religious person and classification of types of believing people are analyzed to reveal
criteria of an estimation of degree of religiousness of believing subjects. The data of research to reveal a degree of religiousness of
participants and allocations of personality types, characterizing level of display of religiousness are cited. The image of the world
of believing people and its correspondence with religiousness indicators are studied. Features of display of an image of the world
by believing young people with high, average and low levels of religiousness are defined.
Key words: image of the world; religious person; religious belief; religious motivation.
The Basic Methodological Approaches to the Research of Socio-Psychological Purposefulness in the Consciousness of a Personality as a Socio-Psychological Commonality System-Forming Factor
Abstract: This article deals with the possible ways of the further research on the phenomenon of socio-psychological purposefulness
maturity with in the consciousness of any personality. The authors show the phenomenon of maturity using girls’ maternity and
family-oriented purposefulness. The author’s further research can be aimed at the influence of the family-oriented determinants in
the individual consciousness on the basic features of the family socio- psychological commonality which determines its reproduction
and optimum functioning. The principles of interdisciplinary, system and acmeological approaches serve as a theoretical and
methodological basis of the research.
Key words: consciousness; purposefulness of the personality; socio-psychological commonality; maturity family; maternity; paternity.
Regularity of the Age Dynamics of Psychological Defenses in Childhood
Abstract: The article covers the regularity of the dynamics of psychological defenses in childhood. The correlation between the periods of
age and the prevalent mechanisms of psychological defenses was found, the peculiarity of its changes in different age periods was
reflected. The questions of ontogenesis of defense mechanisms are discussed. We revealed, that taking into account the dynamics
of psychological defenses is necessary in organization of individual and group studies at schools and kinder gardens.
Key words: mechanisms of psychological defense; the age dynamics; psychological defenses in childhood; ontogenesis.
Professional Evolution of a Subject Occupied in Socionomical Professions: Splitting, Geterochroning and Nonlinear Dynamics of the Process
Abstract: The problem viewed is professional formation of a subject (PFS) occupied in socionomical professions (e. g. government
employees, business managers, physicians, teachers). Special dynamical features of different professional and social groups (top
managers and middle managers, specialists). PFS is studied in within the frame of traditional psychological methodology as well as
in the synergy paradigm with the use of its conceptual framework (splitting, nonlinear dynamics and etc.).
Key words: socionomical professions; career; evolution; subject; splitting; heterochronism; nonlinear dynamics of process.
Relation Between Image of Organization’s Future and Loyalty of Employees
Abstract: The article discusses specifics of image of organization’s future by means of describing its structure and relation with
organizational loyalty of a personnel. The concept of a group subject is outlined along with the principles of its diagnostics. The
program and most significant results of the research on the relation between the image of organization’s future and the loyalty of
employees are described.
Key words: image of future; organizational loyalty; group subject.
Model of Social Construction of Risk
Abstract: The article is devoted to a new sphere of sociology– the social construction of risk. The model of construction process of risk is
submitted, its elements, mechanisms and features are described. The model is formed by integrating the achievements of the theory
of social constructivism, sociology communications, sociology risk and sociology of international relations.
Key words: sociology of risk; risk; risk construction; sociology of communications; securitization; amplification; mythologizing.
A «Mysterious Journey» in the Anna Akhmatova’s Poem «The Dream»
Abstract: The paper analyzes the motif of a mystical stroll in Anna Akhmatova’s poem «The Dream». A stroll is the invariant characteristic
of a journey, of traversing or conceptualizing space (whether earthly, irreal or imaginary such as one conjured up in a dream) and as
such, it represents the dynamic feature lying at the core of Akhmatova’s poetic world. The mysterious journey of the protagonist is
juxtaposed with the invisible presence of the lyrical heroine who seems to be passing alongside him within his dream.
Key words: stroll motif; dream space; dynamic; topos.
Gender Context in the Novel «Who is to Blame?» by A. I. Hertzen
Abstract: The article covers three types of gender in the artistic world view of the writer: masculine, feminine, androgynous.
Key words: «stereotype»; «behavior model»; masculinity; femininity; androgyny.
Social Aspects and Their Reflection in «Winnie-the-Pooh» by A. A. Milne
Abstract: Social aspects of the modern epoch have been thoroughly described in the fairy tale «Winnie-the-Pooh». (which at first sight
might seem a children’s one). Foreign investigators - members of MLA interpret the fairy tale by Milne from different views of
adjoining disciplines. The work is an attempt to review all the existing conceptions from the view point of current social problerms.
Key words: children’s fairy tale; social aspects; philosophical and psychological interpretations.
Forms of the Indirect Speech in Information Notes in German and Russian Newspapers
Abstract: This article deals with classification of forms of the indirect speech in information notes in German and Russian newspapers,
the identical and different properties of indirect speech’s forms in German and Russian. Its forms are economical and compact
transmission media of the information in texts of information notes, which help to achieve an objective and reliable information.
Key words: indirect speech; conjunctivas; entering word; chain; modification of indirect speech; curtailed form.
The Analysis of Strategies and Linguistic Resources in the Election Programs of Political Parties «United Russia», Communist Party, the Liberal Democratic Party
Abstract: The article deals with socio-political and linguistic aspects of the election programs of the major parties of the Russian
Federation: «United Russia», the Communist Party, Liberal Democratic Party. The aim was to characterize key strategies and
means for speech effect generated by the political texts in the election campaign of 2007. The analysis reported the structural and
semantic features of the party texts.
Key words: election program; political party; strategy; means of speech effect; argument; suggestion; infection.
Tax Potential of a Region: Problems of Qualitative and Quantitative Estimation
Abstract: In the article modern approaches to the essence of tax potential of a region are considered, its role in structure of financial
potential is revealed. The authors point out a number of qualitative characteristics of tax potential of a region, defining necessity and
possibilities of its quantitative estimation. The constructed integral model of an estimation of tax potential of the Yaroslavl region
is presented, dynamics of its realization is analysed.
Key words: tax; tax potential of a region; budget; Fund of financial support of regions; model of a quantitative estimation.
Mercantilism: Protectionist Fault or Precursor of Developmentalism?
Abstract: The article deals with the economic thought development in the XVI-th – XVIII-th centuries against a background of
management methods change. The conceptual basis and the substance features of mercantilism theory are revealed. The «early»
and «late» mercantilists economic policy measures are .distinguished.
Key words: mercantilism, modernization, productive forces, technological paradigms, economic theory.
Rationale for Selecting the Method of Evaluation of Organization’s Inventory, Taking into Account Inflation Expectations
Abstract: Any type of organization has a necessity of such an amount of inventory, which would ensure the continuity of production
process and uninterrupted process of outputting finished commodity. An optimal level of the inventory depends on many factors of
economic, manufacturing and organizational natures. This article brings forward different methodological guides to determine the
level of inventory with an allowance for inflation.
Key words: optimal reserve; flow valuation reserves; present value; weighted average rate.
Methodological Individualism and Holism in the Theory of the Market Competition
Abstract: The dichotomy «individualism – holism» in research of the market competition is considered. The conclusion that this
dichotomy positively acts in application of methodology of dialectic unity of contrasts «private - public» in competition knowledge
is proved.
Key words: holism; individualism; market competition; concrete historical individuals; dialectic contradiction.
Developing a Regional Cluster Policy in Terms of Innovative Activity Stimulation
Abstract: Modern development of territories is based on the principle of complexes. According to it, integrated corporative structures
development of different organizational forms takes place at the regional level. This allows the foundation for creation the large
integrated forms of business units – clusters.
Key words: integrated corporative structures; clusters; cluster policy; territorial industrial complexes; economic development of regions; technological modernization of economical subjects.
Social Capital and Public Wealth in the Contemporary Russian Society
Abstract: In the article the category of social capital is concerned. It is revealed that social capital is one of the factors for successful
economic development of a society. A definition of social capital is proposed, its features are highlighted. The attempt is taken to
define the role of NGOs in creation of the national social capital and the provision of public wealth.
Key words: social capital; public, private and mixed benefits; non-profit organizations.
Cycles on the Residential Real Estate Market
Abstract: The real estate market is a complex socio-economic system developing in two segments: primary market and secondary market.
Estate market cycles directly depend on the ratio of supply and demand, and the nature of demand may vary, including both
consumer demand caused by the need for housing and investment demand associated with lucrative placement capital. Russian
residential real estate market has completed the first cycle of development 1990–2008 and is currently in the process of decline.
Key words: real estate market; primary market and secondary market; residential real estate market cycles; consumer demand for residential real estate ; residential real estate supply.
Use of intellectual product of higher education for stability improving of territory development
Abstract: This article is devoted to examination of intellectual product using for forming of stability improving of territory development
issues. Authors characterize notions of intellectual product and stability improving of territory development and interrelation
between them. Regions municipal units should form intellectual potential, which could function for the good of all social activity
spheres development. The main outcome of such activity should be multidimensional social economic development of the territory
with combination and interrelation with stability improving of region, municipal unit development.
Key words: intellectual product; stability improving of territory; higher education; social economic development; infrastructure.