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Demidov Yaroslavl State University

2014. № 2 (28)

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Contents

T. M. Gavristova

Postmodern: Reflections on the History

Abstract: The author of the article analyzes the changes occurred in the historical studies of the postwar period, in the postmodern era, focusing on the development of macro-and micro-history, historical anthropology as well as the problem of professional communications.
Key words: postmodern; macro-history; europecentrism; orientalism; afrocentrism; chronotope; social and cultural anthropology.

I. D. Evdokimov

Democratic Republic of the Congo: the Problems of War and Peace

Abstract: The article deals write the security problems of one of Central Africa states – Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The author depicts the political and military events in the east of the country in 2012-2013 as well as the ongoing interaction of the DRC with Rwanda and Uganda. The analysis is given to the consequences of the criminal actions of the paramilitary groupings, to the problems of refugees and civil population of the Nord Kivu province, to the attempts of the regional and international partners (first of all the UN) to find the settlement of the conflict.
Key words: DRC; security problem; national army; paramilitaries; UN Mission for stabilization in the DRC.

E. G. Tsvetkov

Guinea-Conakry. Memories of Soviet specialist, 50 years later

Abstract: The article is dedicated to the memories of design-engineer of the Yaroslavl motor plant A. Titov, who worked in Guinea- Conakry in 1964-1966 across the Soviet policy of assisting developing countries in Africa.
Key words: Soviet-African relations; Soviet specialists; Africa; Guinea-Conakry; USSR.

E. V. Blinova

«African» London at the Turn of the XIX–XX Centuries

Abstract: The article is dedicated to «African London» at a boundary of the XIX – XX centuries and its population structure: from the urban poor to the educated elite.
Key words: African; London; Identity.

A. S. Sharova

Transformation of Religious Beliefs of the Dogon People

Abstract: The article discusses the transformation of religious beliefs of the Dogon people, who live in Mali and frontier regions of Burkina Faso. The author considers their traditional beliefs, the peculiarities and the history of Islam and Christianity spread among them.
Key words: Dogon; traditional beliefs; Islam; Christianity; animism; totemism; fetishism.

I. N. Mukhina

Fight for Peace of the Women in the GDR

Abstract: In this article the formation of one of the first female groups in GDR that took an active part in anti-war movement – «the fight for peace» is observed. Its protest activity found support among a great amount of women of Eastern Berlin. Party authorities using punitive measures tried to stop further development of the independent women’s movement, thus forming the political opposition in the country. The author presents and analyzes the protest demarches and initiatives of the East Berlin Group, its influence on the social and political life of the GDR.
Key words: GDR; East Berlin; opposition; women’s movement; protest demarches.

V. M. Marasanova

Protest Movement and Organazation of the Trade Union of the Lead-Bleaching Plants in Yaroslavl at the Beginning of the XX Century

Abstract: The article analyzes the protest movement of workers of lead-bleaching plants inYaroslavl and their attempts to organize a trade union at the beginning of the 20th Century. Predominance of group strikes is noted as a distinctive feature of the labor movement in the chemical industry.
Key words: : lead-bleaching plants; Yaroslavl; strikes; trade union.

M. E. Abramenko

The Role of the People’s Commissariat of the RSFSR in the Health Service Development in Belarus

Abstract: The article deals with the role of the People`s Commissariat for Health of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in the formation of the system of public health in Belarus. It covers t concrete forms of cooperation among the top-management authorities of public health service of the union republics. The article shows the dynamics of their development, ways of overcoming existing problems, the outcomes of their work in the sphere.
Key words: People`s Commissariat for Health Sevice; soviet medicine; medical sanitary development; epidemiological situation; medical institute; cooperation.

A. Mirzaev

From the History of Cotton Production in the Fergana Valley (late XIX – early XX centuries)

Abstract: The article discusses on the base of archival documents activities of Large Yaroslavl Textile Mill in Fergana region of Turkistan as to cotton-growing development, its contribution to the introduction of new varieties of cotton in the region and the development of the cotton-ginning industry.
Key words: pood; farm labourer; invoice; pile; Andreevsky farm; gin.

A. M. Lushnikov

Institute of Labor Protection: Current Status

Abstract: The article examines the theory and practice of labor protection under current Russian law. The author substantiates the system, multi-level nature of legal regulation of safety labor conditions, when international legal instruments interact, the domestic legislation and collective bargaining, local regulations.
Key words: labor protection; safe and healthy working conditions; international standards of labor protection.

N. N. Tarusina

On the New Concept of Marriage, or the «Fifth Column» in the Sphere of Marriage

Abstract: The article considers some modern, including sociological, approaches to the institute of marriage in the gender context.
Key words: marriage; gender; new versions.

A. V. Ivanchin

Factors to be Considered when Making Schemes of Crime Structure

Abstract: In the article the author analyzes factors which are considered when making schemes of crimes structures. The author points to their variety and comes to a conclusion that public danger of behavior has to be a key factor in making a scheme. It is important to understand that public danger is not only danger of the act, but also of the identity of the subject.
Key words: crime structure; construction; designing; factors; bases of a criminal and legal ban; criminal law-making; Criminal code of the Russian Federation.

O. G. Solovyev, M. S. Rumyantsev

Characteristics of the Subject of Falsification of Decisions of General Shareholders (participants) Meeting or Board of Directors (supervisory board) of Economic Entity (Art. 1855 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation)

Abstract: In the article features of a regulation of signs of falsification of the solution of general shareholder meeting (participants) or the decision of board of directors (supervisory board) of economic society are investigated. The authors considers problems of a ratio and interconditionality of objective and subjective elements of structure of a crime, analyzes the legal sense of signs of the subject of falsification.
Key words: corporate capture; falsification; general shareholder meeting; decision of board of directors; economic society; subject of a crime.

O. L. Stroganova

Enforcement Distinctions in the Criminal Law: Concept, Essence, Basis

Abstract: The article views basic questions related to the concept and essence of enforcement distinctions in the Russian Criminal Law, research in this field and its criteria.
Key words: individualization; infliction of punishment; basis for individualization.

A. S. Drepelev

On the Quantitative Sign of the Notion of Accessory to a Crime

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of failure of the legislator to clarify the widely used term of «accessory to a crime». The conclusion is drawn about a possibility to include the term into the text of the Russian Criminal Code. On the base of a critical analysis of one of the most controversial signs of complicity the author formulates a quantitative. sign of the notion of accessory to a crime.
Key words: complicity in crime; partner in crime; the instrumentality execution of a crime.

S. V. Nechaev

Topical Problems of Voluntary Medical Insurance

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of operating system of voluntary medical insurance. Necessity to combine opportunities of obligatory medical insurance and voluntary medical insurance for the most effective realization of the citizen’s right on medical care is proved.
Key words: voluntary medical insurance; obligatory medical insurance; the right to medical care.

V. M. Allakhverdov

Beyond the Awareness. Radical Cognitivism on Some Limits of Information Processing

Abstract: Cognitive approach declared a war on behaviorism but in the end became hardly distinguished from the latter. Cognitive scientists are unable to give up the idea that mind and consciousness can be explained by physiological processes. The restrictions inherent in consciousness should not be explained by limitations of some unknown neuronal resources but rather by logic of cognitive activity. Only final results of cognition appear in consciousness. These results necessarily have a conscious part with given boundaries and unconscious part, which is beyond the awareness border yet inseparably attached to the result of cognition. Sensory threshold is explained as setting up the border between conscious and unconscious information by consciousness. The experiments supporting this view are discussed.
Key words: cognitive approach; behaviorism; consciousness; cognition; sensory threshold.

A. V. Karpov, N. V. Yakovleva

New Approach to the Study of Health Activities of the Person

Abstract: The article examines the use of the oretical construct of vital metacompetence personality in psychological health research. It sets out the conditions for theoretical conceptualization, psychological content, properties and system units Results of the study of the vital competence in patients with chronic diseases are also presented.
Key words: health activities personality; vital competence.

I. E. Lazarev, B. V. Chernyshev, D. V. Bryzgalov, A. A. Vyazovtseva, E. S. Osokina

Investigation of the Automation of Decision Making under Conditions of Mid-High Cognitive Load

Abstract: Decision-making is a complex cognitive phenomenon which relies both on conscious control and on automated processes. The present research is devoted to the analysis of the processes of automation during performance of the task based on impeded decision making involving both stimuli feature binding and two-alternative response selection and, thus, creating moderately high cognitive load. The average percentage of correct responses significantly increased from the first to the second session and then continued to rise monotonously. At the same time, latency of correct responses decreased, while the latency of the erroneous responses remained constant across sessions. Dynamics of changes of the auditory evoked potentials was manifested in the reduction of latency of N1 and P2 peaks. The results obtained demonstrate that the process of skill automation is accompanied by increase in the speed of information processing at the preattentional stage.
Key words: automation; perception; evoked potentials; decision making.

М. M. Kashapov, A. V. Subbotin, A. S. Pavlov

Influence of Personality Traits on the Success of Missile School Graduates in the Organizational and Managerial Activities

Abstract: This article analyzes correlation of the success of Missile School graduates in the organizational and management activities and the level of necessary personal qualities at a university stage of professional skills development.
Key words: professional qualities; organizational and managerial activities; success.

V. A. Tolochek, L. V. Vinokurov, N. I. Iogolevich, Е. V. Markova

Professional Career: Approaches and Studie

Abstract: Professional career is an object of the given study. Prevailing scientific approaches in the second-half of the XX century are singled out. Trends in the historical development of the social objects, resulting in new vital problems are designated. Temporal characteristics of professional career as an object of experiments with important scientific and practical significance are distinguished.. The methodological positions of the study of career, etc, are examined.
Key words: professional career; professional formation; subject; temporal characteristics; space; medium; resources; condition.

E. S. Gorbunova

Visual Field Asymmetry in Stimulus Detection Tasks and Visual Search

Abstract: The article covers the main findings on the left-right visual field asymmetry in various tasks (simple stimulus detection, visual search, multiple object tracking, masked presentation, crowding, etc.). The problem of lexical information processing in the right and left visual hemifields and also the issue of brain mechanisms of lexical information processing are raised. The author gives a description of the basic theoretical models of the left-right visual field asymmetry in lexical information processing.
Key words: left-right visual field asymmetry; visual attention; interhemispheric asymmetry.

E. V. Ezrina, V. F. Spiridonov

Mechanisms of Interaction of Several Languages in the Cognitive System of Trilinguals

Abstract: The article covers the issue of whether the language systems of bilinguals and polyglots are integrated. According to the model proposed by Hartsuikeretal (Hartsuiker et al., 2004) the lexical, semantic and syntactic representations of the different languages of a bilingual are represented in terms of nodes and links in a single network. In this paper the hypotheses deduced from this model were tested on trilinguals. The results of the experiment showed the impossibility to apply the model in question to functioning and interaction of polyglots’ several languages and disproved the hypothesis concerning the integration of languages.
Key words: bilinguals; polyglots; semantic representations; lexicon; syntactic structures; network models.

A. G. Smirnova, D. A. Lapshina

Sociology Of International Relations: the Issue of Subject

Abstract: In the article we consider the issue of the subject of sociology of international relations as an independent branch of sociologi¬cal knowledge. On the analysis of the existing approaches to the determination of the status of sociology of international relations, the definition of its subject is formulated. It is the discipline that deals with the behavior and interaction of states as members of international society and their social positions. Besides, it studies the regularities in the functioning of the international society, its interactional, stratification and ideal dimensions.
Key words: sociology of international relations; international society; state, social position.

A. G. Smirnova, I. Yu. Kiselev

On the Issue of Threat Construction in Interstate Relations

Abstract: In the article the mechanisms of threat construction in interstate relations are under consideration. The threat itself is considered as social construct that appears as the consequence of structuration of social space of intergovernmental relations, built on the basis of threat perception, from the point of view of interactional, stratificational and ideal dimensions, which correspond to the main parameters of structure of society on national and international levels. The conclusion is substantiated, that challenges and threats which the states encounter on the international arena are comprehended from the point of view of national security culture. This circumstance brings differences in evaluations of threat.
Key words: threat; social construct; structuration; normative; ideal; stratification and interaction dimensions of social structure; security culture.

I. M. Dudina

The Role of Commercial Organizations in the Production of «Risk» and in Selling «Security»

Abstract: The article deals with the interpretation of the concept of «risk» in modern sociology, analyzes the impact of producers of risks through their manipulation of the mass consciousness. Main attention is paid to commercial organizations, which produce risks and sell security to consumers. As an example, the credit insurance in the banking sector is considered.
Key words: risk; manufacturers of risk; consumers of risk; manipulation by the mass consciousness; business organiza¬tions; selling security.

N. V. Lyusina

Personality and Situational Factors Affecting the Behavior of Individuals in Situation of Resource Management Dilemmas

Abstract: In the article the choice of human behavior strategy in the situation of resource management dilemma are under discussion. The results of empirical research, dealing with our study of the key factors influencing the choice of behavior strategy in the situation of social dilemma, are presented. Among them are: 1) communication between the participants of situations aimed at the establish¬ment of rules and norms of interaction, 2) social orientation on collectivism and individualism.
Key words: resource management dilemma; altruistic strategy; egalitarian strategy; aggressive strategy; competitive strat¬egy; social uncertainty; social orientation; social norms.

N. N. Tarusina, E. A. Isaeva

The Political Activity of Russian Women

Abstract: The article examines the political activity of Russian women in the context of recent history and the present time.
Key words: gender inequality; discrimination of women; quotas for women; representation of women.

G. A. Koroleva, E. V. Tihomirova

The Tax Burden in the Controlling Indicators System of a Company

Abstract: The article considers the concept of system of indicators of a business company’s activities used for the purposes of controlling: its major units, significance and role of the tax-burden indicator in the given system.
Key words: entity controlling; system of indicators of business company activities; tax burden.

T. S. Blinova

Innovative Development of Economy and Forms of Social Production

Abstract: The article explores the possibility of integrating VP Lozovoy’s concept of two forms of production into the Economic Development Theory. It is proved that the Schumpeter’s model of economic development includes original and derivative economic pulses accordingly, innovative and simulation development of the economy must be identified. Contradictive development of social production in present conditions is analyzed.
Key words: mechanism for economic development; original and derivative development momentum; innovative economic development; simulation economic development.

G. N. Pan`kina

Varieties of Rent Forms: Concept and Implication in Economic Profit Generation

Abstract: The economic rent is considered in the article as a specific category. The economic rent genesis, internal and external drivers for the process, specific property rights for special resources are in the focus of research. Classification of different types of natural economic rent and non-natural economic rent are presented.
Key words: economic rent; appropriation of profit; owners of special resource; varieties of rent; market.

A. B. Perfilyev

Legal Regulation of the Relations between Creditors and Insolvent Debtors in Ancient Rus and Imperial Russia

Abstract: The author of the article concludes that sources of the right of ancient Russia and imperial Russia differed insolvency of debtors according to several types. In case of unfortunate insolvency caused by force majeur circumstances, the debtor had a chance to pay by installments, while the insolvency occurred due to debtor’s fault and malicious insolvency were always considered as penal acts.
Key words: crisis management; insolvency of a debtor; legal regulation.

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